Why Shakespeare Included The Porters scene in a Production Of Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Why Shakespeare Included The Porters scene in a Production Of Macbeth Essay Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare, he was born in the 17th century, William Shakespeare wrote over thirty-seven plays and possibly had a hand in others, he also wrote several poems. He lived in an age when printing was not commonplace, and yet most of his works were published either after his death or without his authority. Shakespeare often wrote his plays about the lives of great people, but very little about Shakespeare himself is known. As you will see in Macbeth this is probably his most striking play as it is obviously written for a particular king at a particular time in history. Therefore studying Macbeth we have extra information, this perhaps gives us a broader insight into the art and mind of William Shakespeare. William Shakespeare came from Yeomans stock, his fathers name was John Shakespeare and his mothers name was Mary Shakespeare. Shakespeare himself was almost certainly educated in the local grammar school. He married Anne Hathaway she was eighteen years senior to him in 1582, they had their first child, Susanna in 1583. They had two other children twins, Judith and Hannet born in 1583. Shakespeare retired back to live in Stratford near the later parts of his life, his son Hannet had died by that time and all his grandchildren also died for unknown reasons. He died in 1616. Macbeth is often described as Shakespeare greatest play ever; it has any different contexts to the play. Still viewed by millions across the world in theatres. Macbeth was written sometime between 1603 and 1606, this coincided with the accession of James the Sixth of Scotland to the English throne, as James the First of England. There are many issues in the play that proves James was primarily in mind whilst writing the play. Firstly it pays homage to the interests and expertise of James: James was fascinated by witchcraft and one of the main issues in the play is that of supernatural powers, also the Kings Evil is a major issue in the play and that was of great interest to James. Secondly it compliments James by making his ancestor, Banquo a hero in the play. As Duncan puts it, Noble Banquo. Despite also receiving supernatural solicitations from the witches he doesnt fall into evil unlike Macbeth. But in point of fact, Banquo historically was an accomplice in the murder of Duncan. A reminder of this presumably would not have pleased James. Thirdly the play explores the issue of kingship and loyalty. These were a profound interest to James who clearly in life avoided an assassination attempt. The divine rights of Kings is essential to the play, The Divine Rights Of Kings meant that because god appointed the king, the king was not answerable to the people or to the parliament, what this is, it means the king has overall power over his people. The play is also intimately related to the topical events of the Gunpowder plot of 1605 and the subsequent trials, of the conspirators. Shakespeare from this picks up the theme of, equivocation. this is related to the wider theme of appearances. It was lady Macbeth who advises Macbeth to, look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under it. The porter is a marvellous lowlife type of character- drunk, obscene, garrulous, and could be considered as one of Shakespeares, best characters of comedy. The bleak Prathieban Sathanathan Mrs. Collins Original Writing intensity of the previous scene gives way to a brief comic interlude- this is where the porter makes his introduction in the play, after the murder of Duncan has been accomplished. Although the porter is crude and rough his introduction benefits the play in a number of ways. The continuation of physical knocking reminds us that we are still in the world where the Macbeths have jus committed murder. There are many practical reasons as to why Shakespeare has included, the porters scene, into this production of Macbeth. The most obvious are being, it gives the actors playing Macbeth and lady Macbeth time to get of the stage, wash the blood off and change their clothes. Shakespeare also had a lot of comic actors in his company, and many of them needed small parts and they were meant to be popular with the audiences. Shakespeare may have been trying to please King James, as the porter refers to the gunpowder plot. Faith, heres an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale, who committed treason enough for gods sake, yet could not equivocate to heaven. an equivocator is someone who does not actually lie, but does not tell the whole truth either. This means he could balance up the scales of justice, by arguing on both sides and prevent someone being convicted, but he could not argue his way into heaven. The point in the play in which Shakespeare has decided to include the scene may be rather comical to some people, as he has brought in this scene straight after a scene which mustve horrified his audience. He may have brought in this comical scene to restrain the audience from laughing in the wrong places, as there is hardly any other comedy present in the play apart from this particular scene. Shakespeare may have used this distinctive scene as a, laughter conductor, so they can be convulsed with laughter in this particular scene, rather than laughing at any other point in the play. By allowing the audience to laugh straight after, the horror of seeing the blood- splattered Macbeths they will be more able to endorse the further bloodshed and horror in the scenes that follow. Earlier in the play, lady Macbeth calls upon; murdering ministers this would immediately cause the audience to make instant comparisons with the Macbeths caste castle and hell. The porter, would also remind Shakespeares audience of the traditional figure of the porter of Hell Gate in medieval plays, this would then make the play universal and this would cause the audience to think that it is about everyone, not just the Macbeths. The porter makes a variety of speeches in this scene; some of these are of the main themes in the play these include, equivocation, damnation and the supernatural. Faith, heres an equivocator that could swear in both scaled against either scale; who committed treason enough for gods sake, yet could not equivocate to heave: O! an equivocator is someone who does not actually lie but does not tell the whole truth either. They hold up and balance the scales of justice, by arguing on both sides, and prevent someone from being convicted; but they could not argue their way into heaven. This topical reference made by the porter to the Gunpowder plot and equivocators would remind the audience about the horror of attempting to kill a king. This would also please king James, as Shakespeare obviously had James primarily in mind whilst writing the play. Shakespeare also includes a reference to, Faith, heres an English tailor come hither for stealing out of a French hose: come in, tailor; here you may roast your goose. The porter is implying that tailors were known for making a profit by using less cloth than the customer had paid for; and they- (the tailors) were eventually caught doing this. Prathieban Sathanathan Mrs. Collins Original Writing This reference to treason links with the earlier account of the Thane of Cawdor and a later discussion between lady Macbeth and her son. Shakespeare also includes the theme of nature in this scene, the porter explains how the farmer had hoarded his corn, hoping for a famine, so that he could sell it for a high price, but a good harvest (the expectation of plenty) has led to a drop in the price, and he has committed suicide. Because he depends on the seasons, he is a time- server (and will also serve time; in hell). Heres a farmer that hanged himself on the expectation of plenty; come in time server. There is a direct comparison made throughout the play about desire and act, this is also included in the porters scene. Drink provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance. This is typical of the frequent use of antithesis throughout the play. The scene proves on of the most essential for Shakespeare, as it is vital for any production of Macbeth. Various issues are exploited in the scene and it also gives way for on screen issues- such as changing, washing etc. So I feel that this is one of the most effective scenes in the play, even though the porter is crude and rough it is an effective scene- one which also makes the audiences laugh, and also gives the audience some beliefs on issues in the play.

do You Believe In Fate Neo :: essays research papers

â€Å"Do you believe in fate Neo,† Morpheus asks. â€Å"No,† Neo responds. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Because I don’t like the idea that I’m not in control of my life,† Neo explains. In this scene (from the blockbuster smash hit The Matrix) a parallel can be drawn between Neo and Bigger Thomas (the protagonist in Richard Wright’s novel Native Son) because Bigger shares Neo’s feelings about fate. Bigger Thomas, a boy who has grown up with the chains of white society holding him back from opportunity, has only one solution to escape from the white walls which are closing in on him. His solution is to kill two women (one of whom is the daughter of a rich white family) to demonstrate that he is fed up with his life being controlled by fate. The author does an exceptional job in creating a theme that illustrates how racism takes away the self-control of the oppressed, thus leaving their lives in the hands of fate. The theme that racism do esn’t allow the oppressed to control their lives can be demonstrated through the symbolism of the rat, the poster outside of Bigger’s apartment, and Bigger’s encounter with the â€Å"nut† in jail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To Bigger’s chagrin he is not in control of his life. His life is dictated by a large group of white people’s false belief of superiority. With every cause there is an effect, and the effect that this burden has on Bigger turns him into an animal, living for only one thing, survival. â€Å"There he is again, Bigger!† the woman screamed, and the tiny, one-room apartment galvanized into violent action. A chair toppled as the woman, half dressed in her stocking feet, scrambled breathlessly upon the bed. Her two sons, barefoot, stood tense and motionless, their eyes searching anxiously under the bed and chairs. The girl ran into the corner, half stooped and gathered the hem of he slip into both of her hands and held it tightly over her knees†¦ A huge black rat squealed and leaped at Bigger’s trouser-leg and snagged it in his teeth hanging on†¦ Bigger aimed and let the skillet fly with a heavy grunt. There was a shattering of wood as the box caved in†¦ The woman screamed and hid her face in her hands. Bigger tiptoed forward and peered. â€Å"I got ‘im,† he muttered [.] (4-6) At first glance this quote could seem meaningless, but later the reader learns in the book that a parallel can be drawn between the big black rat and the big black Bigger.

Study on Haldiram’s

Industry- Food. Company Name- Haldiram’s. Product- Frozen Foods, Namkeens, Sweets, Cookies, Sherbets (Sharbat), Minute Khana (Microwaveable Food), Papads, Pani Puri, Bhel Puri, Chips  (Boletos, Takatak, Whoopies), Royal Temptations (Packaged Dry Fruits), Guajarati Snacks, South-Indian Snacks, Nimbu Masala Origin- 1937 in Bikaner, Rajasthan by  Gangabisenji Agrawal, India. Now having three independent branches at Kolkata, Nagpur, Delhi respectively.Countries-   Nepal,  Pakistan,  Bangladesh,  Canada,  Australia,  Sri Lanka,  Singapore,  Malaysia,  South Africa,  Indonesia,  Qatar,  Saudi Arabia,  Hong Kong,  Japan,  Kenya,  Libya,  South Korea,  Nigeria,  Mauritius,  United Kingdom,  United Arab Emirates,  Zambia  and  Bahrain. Marketing Strategy- The Marketing Concept (Customer must be satisfied). Pioneers- To introduce ready-to-eat snacks, Packed Namkeens, restaurant offering Indian Traditional foods like ‘chaat-papdià ¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘gol-gappe’, ‘bhel-puri’ etc. Cause of popularity- Quality Products and hygiene. Competitors- Foreign- SM Foods, Bakeman’s Industries Ltd, Frito Lay India Ltd. nd Britannia Ltd. Local- Prabhuji, Mopleez, Bikaji, Rameswar. Potential- Lehar and Bikaji. Macro Forces- Demographic-The Nagpur entity has introduced a new range of vermicelli and macaroni with Italian machinery that is exported to some 25 countries in the Americas, the Gulf, Europe and Asia. So, along with focusing on savouries and sweets they have introduced products that appeal to regional tastes and preferences. Economic- Quick service restaurants for middle-class, vast variety of products on competitive prices. Technological-   New ways of packaging namkeens.Its packaging techniques increased the shelf life of namkeens from less than a week to more than six months. To add potato products, machinery was imported from the US. All the food items were prepared and packaged in a ver y hygienic environment. The company tied up with many online sites to make availability of products on free home delivery basis. It also enabled the people to send customised gifts to specified regions. Socio-Cultural- They were awarded International Award for Food & Beverages by the Trade Leaders Club in Barcelona (Spain) because of popularising ethnic food.Like in India, earlier there was no restaurant that offered ‘gol-gappe’, ‘bhel-puri’ etc. So, according to the culture, they offered products. Political- In a report, Prabhu Shankar Agarwal, the owner of the Kolkata unit, was arrested on charges of  manhandling customers. On Jan 29, 2010, Prabhu Shankar Agarwal was sentenced to life imprisonment along with four others by a fast track court for conspiring to kill a tea stall owner whose shop came in the way of a food plaza he was building. This incident affected their reputation severely.Micro Forces- The Company-   In the early 1990s, because of the conflict within the Agarwals family, Haldiram’s witnessed an informal split between its three units as they started operating separately offering similar products and sharing the same brand name. This split had resulted in aggressive competition among themselves for a higher share of domestic and international markets. Competition- Due to increasing competition and upcoming new substitutes to Namkeens they added Bakery items, dairy products, sharbats, ice creams to their portfolio.Customers- Haldiram's  customer services are not good. Few of the company's restaurants did not possess the minimum requirements, such as sufficient seating arrangements, there's insufficient parking space and services were hardly ever done with a smile. Public- Did very well in this field. Public was getting conscious about hygiene and cleanliness. Their Nagpur branch was conferred the International Food Award. Delhi unit was awarded the Keshalkar Memorial Award. Just because of high standards i n quality and hygiene.Market Intermediaries- Cordial relationship. Strong distribution network. In case, the distributor finds product damaged after leaving of the transporter, company issues a special credit note when informed on phone so that distributor can get cash on the next visit. Competitors- Frito Lay India Ltd. (Frito Lay), one of Haldiram's major competitors, was expanding its market share. Instead of  directly competing with the market leader Haldiram's, the company launched innovative products in the market nd backed them with heavy  publicity. SM Foods introduced a range  of  innovative products. The company launched India's first non-wafer chips in 1988. SM offered  products under two main brands – Peppy and Piknik. Under Peppy, it had sub-brands such as Cheese Balls, Ringos, Hi Protein Crispies, Potato Rackets, Hearts, Veggie Treat, Mixtures and Minerette. Under Piknik, it had Protein Pin, Junior and Corn Puffs. Bikaji is doing very well by providing more variety of products at less prices with more profit margins.

American Cultural Puritanism and The Crucible Essay

In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the playwright creates a scene based on the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, yet the themes that the play conveys are still embedded in modern society. John Proctor, the protagonist, is condemned for speaking out against the Puritan leaders, indicating a theme of individual versus society. However, the play as a whole depicts a time of political manipulation, when the society’s leaders expected all of the townspeople to follow the majority’s beliefs, condemning those who thought otherwise. These themes can be applied to both events occurring in modern society and the actions at the time the play was written, 1953. Before these themes can be applied, one must understand the general plot of The Crucible as well as the way it is carried out as a drama. The moral struggles of John Proctor are presented throughout the play, with the biggest one regarding his decision to either speak out against the majority and face the risk of being killed, or keep quiet and watch other innocent people be condemned. Proctor eventually tells the reverend and the judge, among other officials, what he believes the girls, such as Abigail Williams, are doing. He presents them with facts and evidence, explaining a scheme the girls are carrying out against him, yet the leaders do not listen to him. Instead, they sentence him to death for rebelling against the society, calling him a witch. While the main theme of Miller’s play interprets this time of political unrest, several smaller themes are also emphasized. The author implies that society cannot settle for just arresting and punishing criminals when they call attention to themselves. Instead, there is an occasional â€Å"witch hunt† where people are sought out and punished when they are, in reality, completely innocent (Goldstone, â€Å"Introduction,† 19). This becomes evident in The Crucible when one realizes that the officials could have stopped listening to the girls after they found out the first few names of people who were â€Å"witches.† Nevertheless, the girls were given the authority to give the names of anybody that they wanted, with the judge having no way of telling whether or not they were lying. Another major theme in the play  describes how people in every society have been forced to compromise their intellect and integrity in order to follow society’s popular beliefs. Miller’s feelings that innocent people could have been saved if more people had the courage to speak out against what was occurring are expressed in this universal account of the inhumane and senseless acts that have occurred throughout history. In the play, the audience has the opportunity to consider the viewpoints of John Proctor, an innocent person, rather than just the side of the government leaders, making the themes universal in that more members of modern society can relate to them. Miller explains in his essay, â€Å"Why I Wrote The Crucible,† that he intended for the play to depict a common reaction of people in a situation such as the Salem Witch Trials, or the anti-Semitism era around 1952. He says that many people turn their backs on friends, as well as others who have been condemned for some reason, to keep from being seen and then further identified with them. Much like the play’s protagonist, Miller was fearful of being identified as a communist when he wanted to write the play as a social criticism in the 1950s. Therefore, he used the events of the Witch Trials to draw a parallel rather than directly discussing anti-Semitism (2). In this same fashion, parallels can be drawn between The Crucible and contemporary society. Many members of society still fight a moral conflict when protesting the government, mainly because the belief that society must somehow make sense is common. Even though Puritanism and the beliefs associated with it do not effect society in the same way that they did in 1962, similarities can be seen in the lessons that the Salem Witch Trials teach and happenings in the modern-day world. While Miller used the Salem Witch Trials and his play to criticize the government in 1952, events similar to this occur every day in the world and many people can relate The Crucible’s themes of contradicting the majority to their modern lives.

Article Synopsys on Public Administration

Article Synopsys on Public Administration The article under consideration is called Post-foundational development management – power, politics and complexity and written by Christ Mowles (2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Article Synopsys on Public Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author discusses the place of management theories in learning and development theories as well as how they are applied to introduce changes and improvement. Particularly, the author focuses on post-foundational management theory based on the principles of emergence. The work combines empirical and theoretical framework for analyzing the major aspects and strategies needed to upgrading the development management. Investigating future perspectives of improvements and programs, the research also places an emphasis on such concepts as predictability, control, emergency, and system change. All the above-described aspects are considered in regional context that provides a favorable ground for more effective implementation of theoretical approaches. In addition, the author provides some historical facts and a comparative analysis of theories for the audience to have clearer understanding of their essence. While discussing particular theories, the author resorts to assessment of post-foundational management within the local context believing that this principle creates a number of positive perspectives for improvement of public sphere. To enlarge on this, Mowles believes that strategies and generalized plans are always perceived in particular contexts with certain actors participating in political cooperation aimed at grouping their efforts and sharing their experience in overcoming particular problems. In this respect, an alternative theory put forward by the research draws on the concept of emergence, a condition under which all governmental and managerial procedures can be considerably improved. This is explained by the fact that qui ck adjustment to changes creates a number of benefits in critical situations, especially when time is of primary importance.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering these concepts, the author reaches a conclusion that, even if future perspectives and strategies are idealized and, sometimes, far from reality, planning and projecting intension can better assist in meeting the future goals rather than taking no measures at all. In the article, the author presents a well-planned presentation of arguments and approaches used to assert the validity and reliability of facts. More importantly, the author has managed to sustain the balance between theoretical and empirical information applied. It should also be stressed that the main hypothesis of the paper is quite specific and consistent with the proposed supportive arguments. However, excessive reference to theoret ical materials provides a number of ambiguities that prevent readers from understanding the connection between practical and theoretical information. Despite that, the major strength of the article lies in a multidimensional approach the author has chosen for considering one theory within different contexts. The writing style of the article refers to scientific genre, because the researcher resorts to a great number of business and scientific terms. Nevertheless, the abundance of terminology does not distort the overall impression from the text. The information is logical and consistent where each argument is supported by evidence and facts. Besides the explanation for the key concepts, such as emergency, development management, post-foundational management, emergence, and future perspective, is provided in a well-grounded and detailed manner. In general, the article will be of great significance and relevance to the sphere of public administrations because it provides readers with a number of important theoretical approaches aimed at improving public infrastructure. What is more important is that consideration of local context can give a better picture of how management theories contribute to the improvement of administration policies. Reference List Mowles, C. (March, 2010). Post-Foundational Development Management – Power, Politics and Complexity. Public Development and Administration. 30(2), pp. 149-158.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Article Synopsys on Public Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Authentic Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Authentic Assessment - Essay Example Introduction Despite some unquestionable achievements of the over-decade-long US anti-terrorist campaign, insofar as al-Qaeda’s terrorist network and the Taliban have suffered heavy blows with the loss of many key figures from their senior leadership, most notably Osama bin Laden, the terrorism – the Islamist extremist terrorism in particular – is neither vanquished nor eradicated. Moreover, following 9/11, there was a wave of terrorist acts worldwide, including such against US military personnel and civilians in Iraq, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, etc.; while the tightened security measures, along with the intensified vigilance of the police, FBI and the intelligence community as a whole, prevented many terrorist plots to develop into violence on US territory (Mueller, 2011). Tragic occurrences such as the shootings at Fort Hood, where 13 people were killed and 32 wounded, allegedly by a radicalized Army psychiatrist, appear more or less an exception (King and Thom pson, 2011). The terrorists’ bigger success abroad, measured in sheer number of both cases of materialized violence and, regrettably, American citizens being murdered or injured, infers that the overseas security efforts of the US government are hindered by certain inadequacies. The suicidal bomb attack on the residential area inhabited by service personnel of the US military base in Floola and their families, along with the attack on the USA’s embassy in Libya, which resulted in the US Ambassador being killed, is a fresh reminder of this painful fact. Terrorism – Trends, Tactics and Perpetrators As Chasdi (2012) points out, the Worldwide Incidents Tracking System /WITS/ of the US National Counterterrorism Center /NCTC/ has identified certain trends in the field of terrorism, emerging from global, regional and national developments (p. 67). The figures provided by WITS indicate that over 10Â  000 terrorist attacks occurred in 2011, which affected 70 countries w orldwide and resulted in over 12Â  500 deaths (National Counterterrorism Center /NCTC/, 2012). While the total number of attacks has fallen by 12 percent and 29 percent, as compared to 2010 and 2007 respectively, the main foci of terrorist activities remain the regions of South Asia and the Near East; taken together, the two locations experienced almost two-thirds of the high-casualty attacks in 2009 and over 75 percent of 2011 total (NCTC, 2010; NCTC, 2012). Afghanistan, along with Iraq and Pakistan, bore the brunt of the reported attacks for the third consecutive year, both in terms of attacks’ number and ensuing death toll (NCTC, 2009; NCTC, 2010, NCTC, 2011). The number of terrorist attacks in Africa and related fatalities, mainly associated with the turmoil in Somalia and Democratic Republic of Congo, oscillated between a rise of 140 percent (2 200 fatalities) in 2008, as compared to 2007, and a drop of more than 30 percent in 2010, as against 2009 – from over 3à ‚  200 fatalities to 2Â  131 respectively (NCTC, 2009; NCTC, 2011). The increase of 11.5 percent during 2011, however, is mainly attributable to the Nigeria-based group Boko Haram (NCTC, 2012). The situation in the Western Hemisphere could be also described as variable, insofar as the number of reported terrorist attacks fell by about 25 percent in 2008 and subsequently rose by 27 percent in 2009; while in 2010, both attacks and deaths declined by

NASA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NASA - Essay Example These are all good things but they do not necessarily bring about good results. The case study shows that the administrators and the systems need to be geared to solving real problems, and not just sustaining the system itself. There is no point in having an excellent health and safety system, for example, if it the accidents still happen and people still lose their lives. Another key role of public administration is to decide what needs to be done, and plan for that. Wilson’s comparison of the French and German armies at the start of World War 2 shows that it is possible to have excellent organizational systems, with everything working to plan, and yet, in the case of the French, have a plan that is not suited to the particular problems facing the organization. This means that public administration which is strong is not enough. It has to be facing the right direction and aiming for the right goals so that it can be effective at bringing about the desired outcomes. In some pu blic organizations there are very large resources devoted to the operation and so it is crucial that the senior teams think through very carefully what the priorities are, and what kind of change needs to be faced in the future. Simply maintaining the procedures that have always worked in the past is not enough. This may have been enough before, but because there are many variables in society, and because things change unexpectedly, an effective public administration needs to be flexible and able to take on board new ideas all the time. The example of the German army, and of some school head teachers, shows that highly committed individuals who can manage teams are an essential part of an effective administration. There has to be an ability to keep to an overall plan, but at the same time some small group independent thinking and action is absolutely vital. Public administration is often criticized because it is too slow moving, and over cautious. Society needs an administration tha t can respond quickly to crisis, and can break through all the red tape to take decisive action when there is a real threat. In the Centralia case study it is clear that the administrators all kept within their own narrow boundaries, and no-one stepped out to demand immediate and decisive action. Society needs this kind of leadership in public administration to identify crisis areas and respond immediately. Public administration has a very important role in society because it adds a professional dimension to community activities. Someone has to have a view of the big picture, and someone has to ensure that all the different branches of activity in society meet together for the good of all. I think Wilson’s description of the German army is a good one, because it shows that discipline and order can be matched with innovation and independent thinking. If everything was left to private individuals and companies, then there would soon be chaos and exploitation of the weakest memb ers of society. Public administration sets the standard for fairness and consistency, and it is the job of public administration managers to keep a good balance between following the rules and driving through change where it is needed. Question 2. On the basis of Long’s essay on administrative power and your analysis of â€Å"The Columbia Accident† what specific factors can you identify that can strengthen or detract from an organization’